Dropout assembly

ABSTRACT

A dropout assembly comprises a first dropout that includes a first through hole configured to receive an axle for a bicycle wheel. The dropout assembly also comprises a second dropout that includes a second through hole and a mounting surface. The second through hole is configured to receive the axle for the bicycle wheel. The dropout assembly also includes a rotational control mechanism that is configured to mount to the mounting surface of the second dropout. The rotational control mechanism includes a nut and a nut cover.

BACKGROUND

A bicycle fork refers to a component that holds the front bicycle wheelin place. A traditional bicycle fork includes a pair of blades that runparallel to one another. At a bottom of the bicycle fork, the pair ofblades is parallel to one another and forms an opening to receive thewheel. Specifically, the bottom of each blade includes a dropout, andthe dropouts are configured to secure the axle of the bicycle wheel. Ata top of the bicycle fork, the blades are joined together by a componentof the fork referred to as a fork crown. The fork crown attaches to asteering tube, which in turn is attached to the bicycle handlebars sothat a rider can steer the front wheel of the bicycle.

SUMMARY

An illustrative dropout assembly comprises a first dropout that includesa first through hole configured to receive an axle for a bicycle wheel.The dropout assembly also comprises a second dropout that includes asecond through hole and a mounting surface. The second through hole isconfigured to receive the axle for the bicycle wheel. The dropoutassembly also includes a rotational control mechanism that is configuredto mount to the mounting surface of the second dropout. The rotationalcontrol mechanism includes a nut and a nut cover.

Other principal features and advantages of the invention will becomeapparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the followingdrawings, the detailed description, and the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Illustrative embodiments will hereafter be described with reference tothe accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals denote like elements.The foregoing and other features of the present disclosure will becomemore fully apparent from the following description and appended claims,taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding thatthese drawings depict only several embodiments in accordance with thedisclosure and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of itsscope, the disclosure will be described with additional specificity anddetail through use of the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1A is an exploded view of a through hole dropout system inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 1B is a partial exploded view of the through dropout system of FIG.1A in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an inner side of a first dropout inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 2B is a perspective view of an outer side of the first dropout inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of an inner side of a second dropout inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 3B is a perspective view of an outer side of the second dropout inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a close up exploded view of the second dropout and arotational control mechanism in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram depicting operations performed to make athrough hole dropout assembly in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Dropouts refer to components mounted to a bicycle frame that are used tosecure the front and/or rear wheel of the bicycle. Dropouts that areused to secure a front bicycle wheel are typically mounted to the bottomof the blades of the front bicycle fork. Some traditional dropouts(i.e., open dropouts) utilize an open configuration in which a u-shapedopening of the dropout slides over an axle of the bicycle wheel. Theaxle is then secured to the u-shaped opening of the dropout using nutsor a quick release mechanism. The u-shaped openings can be orientedhorizontally toward the front of the bicycle, horizontally toward therear of the bicycle, vertically (downward), or at an offset angledepending on the bicycle type, wheel type, wheel placement, etc.

Other traditional dropouts (i.e., closed dropouts) utilize enclosedapertures (or through holes) to receive a wheel axle instead of au-shaped opening. In such a configuration, a threaded wheel axle can beplaced through the apertures on each of the 2 dropouts, and each end ofthe wheel axle is secured to the dropout with a nut or other fastener.In other configurations, a quick release axle having a quick releasehandle on one end and a threaded rod on the other end may be used. Thequick release handle enables a user to thread or unthread by hand thethreaded portion of the wheel axle into at least one of the dropoutapertures without the use of additional tools. As known to those ofskill in the art, when such a quick release axle is mounted to thebicycle, it is desirable that the quick release handle be oriented incertain directions. For example, when a quick release is used with afork, it may be desirable to locate the quick release handle upward ortoward the rear of the bicycle, as opposed to downward or toward thefront of the bicycle. A challenge that can occur with the use of quickrelease axles is that the quick release handle can end up in variousorientations after being properly tightened based on the particularcircumstances of the particular usage case.

Described herein is a through hole dropout system that enables properorientation of a quick release handle regardless of the handleorientation upon tightening of the quick release axle. FIG. 1A is anexploded view of a through hole dropout system in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. FIG. 1B is a partial exploded view of thethrough dropout system of FIG. 1A in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment. The through hole dropout system (or system) is used tosecure a rim 155 of a bicycle wheel to a bicycle fork 125. As depicted,the bicycle fork 125 includes a first blade 120, a second blade 130, anda crown 135 at which the first blade 120 and the second blade 130 arejoined together. The crown 135 of the bicycle fork 125 is mounted to asteering tube 140 of the bicycle.

In an illustrative embodiment, the through hole dropout system includesa first dropout 100, a second dropout 105, a quick release mechanism110, and a rotational control mechanism 115. In alternative embodiments,the through hole dropout system may include additional, fewer, and/ordifferent components. The quick release mechanism 110 includes a quickrelease handle 111, a spring 112 that is used to help secure the quickrelease handle 111, and an axle 113 (or shaft) that includes a threadedend 114. The quick release handle 111 is able to pivot about a pivot pin116 such that the quick release handle 111 can be cantilevered relativeto the axle 113. Specifically, the quick release handle 111 can bepositioned in an unlocked position in which the quick release handle 111can be used to turn the axle 113 and a locked position in which thequick release handle 111 does not rotate. The quick release handle 111is in the locked position in FIGS. 1A and 1B. The pivot pin 116 ismounted to a cap 117 which is secured to the axle 113 via a fastener(not shown). The fastener can be a bolt, screw, or any other type offastener. In an illustrative embodiment, the spring 112 is used to applypressure to the cap 117 such that the fastener which secures the cap 117is less likely to back out. The threaded end 114 of the axle 113 isconfigured to thread into the rotational control mechanism 115, asdescribed in more detail with reference to FIG. 4.

The first dropout 100 is mounted to the first blade 120 of the bicyclefork 125, and the second dropout 105 is mounted to the second blade 130of the bicycle fork 125. In an illustrative embodiment, the firstdropout 100 and the second dropout 105 can be made of aluminum, carbon,or any other suitable material. As depicted in FIG. 1B, each of thefirst dropout 100 and the second dropout 105 includes an indented slot145 that is configured to receive a hub 150 that is mounted on each endof the rim 155 for the bicycle wheel. It is noted that only one of thehubs 150 is depicted in the view of FIGS. 1A and 1B. The rim 155 of thebicycle wheel also includes an opening 160 that extends between the hubs150 on each end of the rim 155. The opening 160 is configured to receivethe axle 113 of the quick release mechanism 110, as discussed in moredetail below.

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an inner side of the first dropout 100in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. FIG. 2B is a perspectiveview of an outer side of the first dropout 100 in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. As used with respect to the first dropout 100,inner refers to the side which faces toward the bicycle wheel and outerrefers to the side which faces away from the bicycle wheel. The firstdropout 100 includes a mounting stem 200 that is used to mount the firstdropout 100 to the first blade 120 of the bicycle fork 125 depicted inFIGS. 1A and 1B. In an illustrative embodiment, the mounting stem 200 isreceived by an opening at the end of the first blade 120. The mountingstem 200 can be secured to the first blade 120 of the bicycle fork 125through a friction fit, adhesive, fasteners, and/or any other methodknown to those of skill in the art. The first dropout 100 also includesa through hole 205 that is configured to receive the axle 113 depictedin FIGS. 1A and 1B. Accessory holes 210 on the first dropout 100 can beused to mount a bicycle rack, fender, or other component to the bicycle.As depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2, the indented slot 145 of the first dropout100 is oriented at a downward angle toward a front of the bicycle whenthe first dropout 100 is mounted. In alternative embodiments, theindented slot 145 may be at a different orientation.

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of an inner side of the second dropout 105in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. FIG. 3B is a perspectiveview of an outer side of the second dropout 105 in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. Similar to the first dropout 100, inner refersto the side of the second dropout 105 which faces toward the bicyclewheel and outer refers to the side of the second dropout 105 which facesaway from the bicycle wheel. The second dropout 105 includes a mountingstem 300 that is used to mount the second dropout 105 to the secondblade 130 of the bicycle fork 125 depicted in FIGS. 1A and 1B. In anillustrative embodiment, the mounting stem 300 is received by an openingat the end of the second blade 130. The mounting stem 300 can be securedto the second blade 130 of the bicycle fork 125 through a friction fit,adhesive, fasteners, and/or any other method known to those of skill inthe art. The second dropout 100 also includes a through hole 305 that isconfigured to receive the axle 113 of the quick release mechanism 110.In an illustrative embodiment, when mounted, the through hole 305 of thesecond dropout 105 is aligned with the through hole 205 of the firstdropout 100. In another illustrative embodiment, when the hubs 150 ofthe rim 155 are fully inserted into the indented slots 145 of the firstdropout 100 and the second dropout 105, the opening 160 in the rim 155is aligned with the through hole 205 in the first dropout 100 and thethrough hole 305 in the second dropout 105. This simplifies installationby allowing a user to insert the axle 113 of the quick release mechanism110 without having to align the opening 160 in the rim 155 with thethrough holes in the dropouts.

Similar to the first dropout 100, the second dropout 105 also includesaccessory holes 310 that can be used to mount a bicycle rack, fender, orother component to the bicycle. Additionally, the second dropout 105includes a mounting bracket 315 with mounting bracket holes 320. In anillustrative embodiment, the mounting bracket 315 can be used to mountat least a portion of a braking system to the bicycle. Alternatively,the mounting bracket 315 can be used to mount any other accessories orcomponents. In an alternative embodiment, the mounting bracket 315 maybe removed from the second dropout 105. In another alternativeembodiment, a mounting bracket may also be included on the first dropout100 described above. The indented slot 145 of the second dropout 105 isoriented the same as the indented slot 145 of the first dropout 100,which is at a downward angle toward a front of the bicycle when thesecond dropout 105 is mounted. In alternative embodiments, the indentedslot 145 may be at a different orientation. As depicted in FIG. 3B, thesecond dropout 105 also includes a mounting surface 325 that includes amounting hole 330. In an illustrative embodiment, the mounting surface325 and its mounting hole 330 are used to mount the rotational controlmechanism 115 depicted in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a close up exploded view of the second dropout 105 and therotational control mechanism 115 in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment. The rotational control mechanism 115 includes a nut 400, anut cover 405, and a fastener 410. The nut 400 has a first portion 415and a second portion 420. In one embodiment, the first portion 415 andthe second portion 420 of the nut 400 can be made of aluminum, carbon,nylon, or any other suitable material. In another embodiment, the firstportion 415 and the second portion 420 of the nut 400 can be made fromdifferent materials. The first portion 415 of the nut 400 has a largerdiameter than the second portion 420. An interior of the first portion415 of the nut 400 is threaded, and is configured to receive the axle113 of the quick release mechanism shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. In anillustrative embodiment, an interior of the second portion 420 of thenut 400 is not threaded. However, in an alternative embodiment, both thefirst portion 415 and the second portion 420 of the nut 400 may bethreaded. In another alternative embodiment, only the second portion 420of the nut 400 may be threaded.

As depicted in FIG. 4, the first portion 415 of the nut 400 has aserrated edge 425 that is configured to rest upon the mounting surface325 of the second dropout 105. The serrated edge 425 is used to helpprevent the nut 400 from unintentional rotation when the nut 400 ismounted to the axle 113 and the quick release handle 111 is placed inthe locked position. Specifically, when the quick release handle 111 isplaced in the locked position, the nut 400 is drawn towards the mountingsurface 325 and the teeth which form the serrated edge 425 are designedto grip the mounting surface 325 and prevent rotation of the nut 400.The second portion 420 of the nut 400 includes a nut stop 430, which isa protrusion that runs longitudinally along a length of the secondportion 420.

The nut cover 405 is designed slide over and cover the nut 400 whenmounted. The nut cover 405 includes a first portion 435 and a secondportion 440. In one embodiment, the first portion 435 and the secondportion 440 of the nut cover 405 can be made of aluminum, carbon, nylon,or any other suitable material. In another embodiment, the first portion435 and the second portion 440 of the nut cover 405 can be made fromdifferent materials. The first portion 435 of the nut cover 405 has asmooth cylindrical interior that is sized to receive the first portion415 of the nut 400. The first portion 435 of the nut cover 405 alsoincludes an extension with a hole that is configured to receive thefastener 410 such that the rotational control mechanism 115 can bemounted to the second dropout 105. The second portion 440 of the nutcover 405 has a cylindrical interior that includes a cover stop 445. Thecover stop 445 is a protrusion that that runs longitudinally along alength of the interior of the second portion 440 of the nut cover 405.In an illustrative embodiment, the cover stop 445 does not extend intothe first portion 435 of the nut cover 405.

The fastener 410, which can be a bolt, screw, or any other type ofthreaded fastener, is configured to thread into the mounting hole 330 onthe mounting surface 325 of the second dropout 105. As depicted in FIG.4, the mounting surface 325 is in the form of an indentation in theouter surface of the second dropout 105. This indentation that forms themounting surface 325 is sized to receive the nut cover 405 and isconfigured to prevent rotation of the nut cover 405 when the fastener410 is secured to the mounting hole 330.

In practice, when the rotational control mechanism 115 is mounted to thesecond dropout 105, the threaded end 114 of the axle 113 of the quickrelease mechanism 110 can be threaded into the first portion 415 of thenut 400 by turning the quick release handle 111 attached to the axle113. As known to those of skill in the art, the quick release handle 111can be placed into a locked position in which the quick release handle111 is unable to turn freely and an unlocked position in which the quickrelease handle 111 is able to turn. Threading and unthreading of theaxle 113 is performed when the quick release handle 111 is in theunlocked position such that the quick release handle 111 can turnfreely. The locked position is achieved by pivoting (or flipping) thequick release handle 111 approximately 180 degrees from the unlockedposition. The quick release handle 111 pivots along the pivot pin 116depicted in FIG. 1B to alternate from the locked position to theunlocked position, and vice versa.

When the threading of the axle 113 into the first portion 415 of the nut400 commences, the nut 400 may initially rotate freely or with littleresistance within the nut cover 405. From the perspective of FIG. 4 andassuming that the system is not reverse threaded, the nut 400 willrotate in a counter clockwise direction when the quick release handle111 is turned in a tightening (i.e., clockwise) direction. However, thisinitial rotation will stop when the nut stop 430 on the second portion420 of the nut 400 comes into contact with the cover stop 445 on theinterior of the second portion 440 of the nut cover 405. As a result,the axle 113 can be threaded into the nut 400 to any desired degree oftorque, without further rotation of the nut 400 in the direction oftightening.

When the axle 113 is tightened to the appropriate torque, the quickrelease handle 111, which is in the unlocked position, may end up in anyorientation relative to the fork of the bicycle. However, as discussedabove, it is desirable for an end of the quick release handle 111 to bepositioned upwards or toward a rear of the bicycle when the quickrelease handle 111 is flipped into the locked position. Theconfiguration of the rotational control mechanism 115 allows a user toposition the quick release handle 111 into virtually any desiredorientation after the axle 113 is tight. Specifically, once the axle 113is tight, the quick release handle 111 can be turned in the opposite,loosening direction, which is counterclockwise for normal threads.Turning the quick release handle 111 in the loosening direction willcause the nut stop 430 on the second portion 420 of the nut 400 todisengage from the cover stop 445 on the interior of the second portion440 of the nut cover 405.

From the perspective of FIG. 4, when the quick release handle 111 isturned in the loosening, counterclockwise direction, the nut will rotatein a clockwise direction and can continue to do so for almost 360degrees until nut stop 430 engages the opposite side of the cover stop445. This provides the user with a large amount of flexibility inpositioning the quick release handle 111 prior to flipping it into thelocked position, and allows for virtually any desired orientation of thequick release handle 111. Additionally, turning the quick release handle111 in the loosening direction will not cause the axle 113 to unthreadfrom the nut 400 because the nut 400 is able to turn with relativelylittle resistance within the nut cover 405 as compared to the resistanceencountered when loosening a properly torqued axle from the nut 400. Toremove the axle 113, the quick release handle 111 is unlocked and turnedin the loosening direction until the nut stop 430 engages the cover stop445, at which point continuing to turn the quick release handle 111 inthe loosening direction will unthread the axle 113 from the nut 400. Inan alternative embodiment, a bolt which does not include a quick releasehandle may be used with the rotational control mechanism describedherein to secure a bicycle rim to the dropouts.

The actual amount of free rotation of the nut 400 within the nut cover405 when the axle 113 is mounted is dependent upon the width of the nutstop 430 and the width of the cover stop 445. Larger widths of the nutstop 430 and/or cover stop 445 will result in a lesser degree of freerotation of the nut 400 within the nut cover 405, and smaller widths ofthe nut stop 430 and/or cover stop 445 will result in a greater degreeof free rotation. In an illustrative embodiment, the nut 400 is able torotate at least 350 degrees within the nut cover 405. In alternativeembodiments, a different amount of free rotation may be used, such as340 degrees, 345 degrees, 355 degrees, etc.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram depicting operations performed to make athrough hole dropout assembly in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment. In alternative embodiments, fewer, additional, and/ordifferent operations may be performed. Additionally, the use of a flowdiagram is not meant to be limiting with respect to the order ofoperations performed. In an operation 500, a first dropout with athrough hole is formed. The first dropout can be formed through molding,stamping, cutting, and/or any other techniques known to those of skillin the art. The first dropout can be the first dropout 100 describedherein, and can include an indented slot configured to receive a hub ofa bicycle rim. Additionally, the through hole of the first dropout isconfigured to receive an axle shaft. The first dropout also includes amounting stem such that the first dropout can be mounted to a bicyclefork. Depending on the implementation, the first dropout may alsoinclude one or more accessory holes to facilitate the mounting of brakesand/or accessories to the bicycle.

In an operation 505, a second dropout with a through hole and a mountingsurface for a rotational control mechanism is formed. The second dropoutcan be formed through molding, stamping, cutting, and/or any othertechniques known to those of skill in the art. In an illustrativeembodiment, the second dropout can be the second dropout 105 describedherein, and can include an indented slot configured to receive a hub ofa bicycle rim. The mounting surface can be an indented surface that isconfigured to receive a nut cover such as the nut cover 405 describedherein. The mounting surface can also include a mounting hole to receivea fastener for mounting the nut cover to the second dropout. The throughhole of the second dropout is configured to receive an axle shaft, whichcan be part of a quick release mechanism. The second dropout alsoincludes a mounting stem such that it can be mounted to a bicycle fork.Depending on the implementation, the second dropout may also include amounting bracket and/or one or more accessory holes to facilitate themounting of brakes and/or accessories to the bicycle.

In an operation 510, a nut for a rotational control mechanism is formed.The nut can be formed through molding, stamping, cutting, etc. The nut,which can be the nut 400 described herein, can have a first portion witha first diameter and a second portion with a second diameter, where thefirst diameter is larger than the second diameter. The first portion caninclude internal threads configured to mate with a threaded portion ofan axle shaft. The first portion of the nut can also include a serratededge that is designed to contact the mounting surface of the seconddropout. The second portion of the nut includes a nut stop such as thenut stop 430 described herein.

In an operation 515, a nut cover for the rotational control mechanism isformed. The nut cover can be formed through molding, stamping, cutting,etc. The nut cover, which can be the nut cover 405 described above, caninclude a first portion that is configured to cover the first portion ofthe nut. The first portion of the nut cover can also include a mountingextension with a hole therein that aligns with the mounting hole on themounting surface of the second dropout. The nut cover can also include asecond portion that includes a cover stop such as the cover stop 445described herein.

Various embodiments of a dropout assembly for a bicycle have beendescribed herein. In alternative embodiments, different configurationsand/or components may be used. For example, in on embodiment, the firstand second dropouts may be substantially identical to one another,except that one dropout is designed for a right side of the bicycle forkand the other dropout is designed for a left side of the bicycle fork.Additionally, the figures and description herein are with reference to adropout assembly for a front wheel of a bicycle. In an alternativeembodiment, the dropout assembly may also be used to secure a rear wheelof the bicycle.

The word “illustrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example,instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as“illustrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over other aspects or designs. Further, for the purposes ofthis disclosure and unless otherwise specified, “a” or “an” means “oneor more”.

The foregoing description of illustrative embodiments of the inventionhas been presented for purposes of illustration and of description. Itis not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to theprecise form disclosed, and modifications and variations are possible inlight of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of theinvention. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to explainthe principles of the invention and as practical applications of theinvention to enable one skilled in the art to utilize the invention invarious embodiments and with various modifications as suited to theparticular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of theinvention be defined by the claims appended hereto and theirequivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A dropout assembly comprising: a first dropoutthat includes a first through hole configured to receive an axle for abicycle wheel; a second dropout that includes a second through hole anda mounting surface, wherein the second through hole is configured toreceive the axle for the bicycle wheel; and a rotational controlmechanism configured to mount to the mounting surface of the seconddropout, wherein the rotational control mechanism includes a nut and anut cover; wherein the nut has a first portion and a second portion, andwherein the second portion of the nut has a nut stop in the form of aprotrusion that extends longitudinally along an external surface of thesecond portion of the nut; and wherein the nut cover has a first portionand a second portion, wherein the first portion of the nut coverincludes a first opening that is sized to fit the first portion of thenut, wherein the second portion of the nut cover includes a secondopening that aligns with the first opening and a cover stop in the formof a protrusion that extends longitudinally along an interior surface ofthe second opening, wherein the nut stop contacts a first side of theprotrusion that forms the cover stop to prevent rotation of the nut in aclockwise direction, and wherein the nut stop contacts a second side ofthe protrusion that forms the cover stop to prevent rotation of the nutin a counterclockwise direction.
 2. The dropout assembly of claim 1,further comprising a mounting hole on the mounting surface of the seconddropout, wherein the mounting hole is configured to receive a fastenerthat secures the rotational control mechanism to the second dropout. 3.The dropout assembly of claim 1, wherein the mounting surface comprisesan indentation in the second dropout that is configured to receive thenut cover of the rotational control mechanism.
 4. The dropout assemblyof claim 1, wherein the first portion of the nut has a first diameterand the second portion of the nut has a second diameter, and wherein thefirst diameter is larger than the second diameter.
 5. The dropoutassembly of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the nut has a serratededge that is configured to rest upon the mounting surface of the seconddropout.
 6. The dropout assembly of claim 1, wherein the first dropouthas a first indented slot that includes the first through hole and thesecond dropout has a second indented slot that includes the secondthrough hole, and wherein the first indented slot and the secondindented slot are configured to receive hubs of a rim.
 7. The dropoutassembly of claim 6, wherein the first indented slot and the secondindented slot are configured such that the first through hole, thesecond through hole, and a through hole between the hubs of the rim arealigned when the hubs of the rim are inserted into the first indentedslot and the second indented slot.
 8. The dropout assembly of claim 1,wherein the first portion of the nut cover includes an extension with anopening, wherein the opening is configured to receive a fastener thatsecures the rotational control mechanism to the mounting surface.
 9. Thedropout assembly of claim 1, wherein the cover stop allows the nut torotate at least 350 degrees within the nut cover.
 10. The dropoutassembly of claim 1, further comprising a quick release mechanism thatincludes a quick release handle and the axle, wherein the quick releasehandle is configured to rotate the axle, and wherein the axle has athreaded end.
 11. The dropout assembly of claim 10, wherein the nutincludes a threaded opening that is configured to receive the threadedend of the axle.
 12. The dropout assembly of claim 1, wherein rotationof the nut within the nut cover when the axle is mounted to the nutallows the quick release handle to be positioned in a desiredorientation.